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Hierarchical modeling of stochastic manufacturing and service systems

Zhe George ZHANG, Xiaoling YIN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第3期   页码 295-303 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017047

摘要： This paper presents a review of methodologies for analyzing stochastic manufacturing and service systems. On the basis of the scale and level of details of operations, we can study stochastic systems using micro-, meso-, and macro-scopic models. Such a classification unifies stochastic modeling theory. For each model type, we highlight the advantages and disadvantages and the applicable situations. Micro-scopic models are based on quasi-birth-and-death process because of the phase-type distributed service times and/or Markov arrival processes. Such models are appropriate for modeling the detailed operations of a manufacturing system with relatively small number of servers (production facilities). By contrast, meso-scopic and macro-scopic models are based on the functional central limit theorem (FCLT) and functional strong law of large numbers (FSLLN), respectively, under heavy-traffic regimes. These high-level models are appropriate for modeling large-scale service systems with many servers, such as call centers or large service networks. This review will help practitioners select the appropriate level of modeling to enhance their understanding of the dynamic behavior of manufacturing or service systems. Enhanced understanding will ensure that optimal policies can be designed to improve system performance. Researchers in operation analytics and optimization of manufacturing and logistics also benefit from such a review.

关键词： stochastic modeling     QBD process     PH distribution     heavy traffic limits     diffusion process    

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Multi-class dynamic network traffic flow propagation model with physical queues

Yanfeng LI, Jun LI

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 399-407 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017041

摘要： This paper proposes an improved multi-class dynamic network traffic flow propagation model with a consideration of physical queues. Each link is divided into two areas: Free flow area and queue area. The vehicles of the same class are assumed to satisfy the first-in-first-out (FIFO) principle on the whole link, and the vehicles of the different classes also follow FIFO in the queue area but not in the free flow area. To characterize this phenomenon by numerical methods, the improved model is directly formulated in discrete time space. Numerical examples are developed to illustrate the unrealistic flows of the existing model and the performance of the improved model. This analysis can more realistically capture the traffic flow propagation, such as interactions between multi-class traffic flows, and the dynamic traffic interactions across multiple links.

关键词： first-in-first-out (FIFO)     multi-class traffic     physical queues     traffic flow modeling    

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Traffic services for vehicles: the process from receiving raw probe data to space-time diagrams and theresulting traffic service

Markus AUER, Hubert REHBORN, Sven-Eric MOLZAHN, Micha KOLLER

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 490-497 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017008

摘要： Today, large quantities of vehicle data (FCD: floating car data) are widely used by traffic service providers to create and broadcast traffic states in road networks. As a first processing step, all raw position data received from Global Positioning Systems (GPS) have to be map matched in a digital road map. The technical aspects of such a matching process for GPS data are described in this report. After the matching process, space-time-diagrams are created of the probe data showing traffic situation details over space and time. Various examples illustrate how traffic service quality depends on the number of matched GPS raw data; it will be stated that when 2% of connected vehicles in the total traffic flow are sending their GPS data in shorter time intervals, a high quality and precise reconstruction of the current traffic phases is achieved. Traffic reconstruction is followed by a translation into traffic information messages, which can be sent and used in vehicle navigation systems for driver information and dynamic route guidance.

关键词： floating car data     map matching     three phase traffic theory     traffic reconstruction     traffic service quality     navigation systems    

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Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1301-1316 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0765-1

摘要： An integrated storm surge modeling and traffic analysis were conducted in this study to assess the effectiveness of hurricane evacuations through a case study of Hurricane Irma. The Category 5 hurricane in 2017 caused a record evacuation with an estimated 6.8 million people relocating statewide in Florida. The Advanced Circulation (ADCIRC) model was applied to simulate storm tides during the hurricane event. Model validations indicated that simulated pressures, winds, and storm surge compared well with observations. Model simulated storm tides and winds were used to estimate the area affected by Hurricane Irma. Results showed that the storm surge and strong wind mainly affected coastal counties in south-west Florida. Only moderate storm tides (maximum about 2.5 m) and maximum wind speed about 115 mph were shown in both model simulations and Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) post-hurricane assessment near the area of hurricane landfall. Storm surges did not rise to the 100-year flood elevation level. The maximum wind was much below the design wind speed of 150–170 mph (Category 5) as defined in Florida Building Code (FBC) for south Florida coastal areas. Compared with the total population of about 2.25 million in the six coastal counties affected by storm surge and Category 1–3 wind, the statewide evacuation of approximately 6.8 million people was found to be an over-evacuation due mainly to the uncertainty of hurricane path, which shifted from south-east to south-west Florida. The uncertainty of hurricane tracks made it difficult to predict the appropriate storm surge inundation zone for evacuation. Traffic data were used to analyze the evacuation traffic patterns. In south-east Florida, evacuation traffic started 4 days before the hurricane’s arrival. However, the hurricane path shifted and eventually landed in south-west Florida, which caused a high level of evacuation traffic in south-west Florida. Over-evacuation caused Evacuation Traffic Index (ETI) to increase to 200% above normal conditions in some sections of highways, which reduced the effectiveness of evacuation. Results from this study show that evacuation efficiency can be improved in the future by more accurate hurricane forecasting, better public awareness of real-time storm surge and wind as well as integrated storm surge and evacuation modeling for quick response to the uncertainty of hurricane forecasting.

关键词： storm surge modeling     traffic     evacuation     Hurricane Irma    

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突破数学极限——流体神经网络

Dana Mackenzie

《工程（英文）》 2021年 第7卷 第5期   页码 550-551 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.03.009

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Percolation-based health management of complex traffic systems

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2021年 第8卷 第4期   页码 557-571 doi: 10.1007/s42524-021-0174-0

摘要： System health management, which aims to ensure the safe and efficient operation of systems by reducing uncertain risks and cascading failures during their lifetime, is proposed for complex transportation systems and other critical infrastructures, especially under the background of the New Infrastructure Projects launched in China. Previous studies proposed numerous approaches to evaluate or improve traffic reliability or efficiency. Nevertheless, most existing studies neglected the core failure mechanism (i.e., spatio–temporal propagation of traffic congestion). In this article, we review existing studies on traffic reliability management and propose a health management framework covering the entire traffic congestion lifetime, from emergence, evolution to dissipation, based on the study of core failure modes with percolation theory. Aiming to be “reliable, invulnerable, resilient, potential, and active”, our proposed traffic health management framework includes modeling, evaluation, diagnosis, and improvement. Our proposed framework may shed light on traffic management for megacities and urban agglomerations around the world. This new approach may offer innovative insights for systems science and engineering in future intelligent infrastructure management.

关键词： traffic health     health management     critical infrastructure     systems science and engineering    

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Semantic Consistency and Correctness Verification of Digital Traffic Rules

Lei Wan,Changjun Wang,Daxin Luo,Hang Liu,Sha Ma,Weichao Hu,

《工程（英文）》 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.04.016

摘要： The consensus of the automotive industry and traffic management authorities is that autonomous vehicles must follow the same traffic laws as human drivers. Using formal or digital methods, natural language traffic rules can be translated into machine language and used by autonomous vehicles. In this paper, a translation flow is designed. Beyond the translation, a deeper examination is required, because the semantics of natural languages are rich and complex, and frequently contain hidden assumptions. The issue of how to ensure that digital rules are accurate and consistent with the original intent of the traffic rules they represent is both significant and unresolved. In response, we propose a method of formal verification that combines equivalence verification with model checking. Reasonable and reassuring digital traffic rules can be obtained by utilizing the proposed traffic rule digitization flow and verification method. In addition, we offer a number of simulation applications that employ digital traffic rules to assess vehicle violations. The experimental findings indicate that our digital rules utilizing metric temporal logic (MTL) can be easily incorporated into simulation platforms and autonomous driving systems (ADS).

关键词： Autonomous driving     Traffic rules     Digitization     Formalization     Verification    

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Fine-grained P2P traffic classification by simply counting flows

Jie HE,Yue-xiang YANG,Yong QIAO,Wen-ping DENG

《信息与电子工程前沿（英文）》 2015年 第16卷 第5期   页码 391-403 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1400267

摘要： The continuous emerging of peer-to-peer (P2P) applications enriches resource sharing by networks, but it also brings about many challenges to network management. Therefore, P2P applications monitoring, in particular, P2P traffic classification, is becoming increasingly important. In this paper, we propose a novel approach for accurate P2P traffic classification at a fine-grained level. Our approach relies only on counting some special flows that are appearing frequently and steadily in the traffic generated by specific P2P applications. In contrast to existing methods, the main contribution of our approach can be summarized as the following two aspects. Firstly, it can achieve a high classification accuracy by exploiting only several generic properties of flows rather than complicated features and sophisticated techniques. Secondly, it can work well even if the classification target is running with other high bandwidth-consuming applications, outperforming most existing host-based approaches, which are incapable of dealing with this situation. We evaluated the performance of our approach on a real-world trace. Experimental results show that P2P applications can be classified with a true positive rate higher than 97.22% and a false positive rate lower than 2.78%.

关键词： Traffic classification     Peer-to-peer (P2P)     Fine-grained     Host-based    

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Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第9期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1705-1

摘要：

● A study assessing the temperature-injury relationship was conducted among students.

关键词： Ambient temperature     Fall     Road traffic injury     Student     China    

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Special issue: Management of road and railway traffic and transportation engineering

Yongfu SUN, Ziyou GAO

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第4期   页码 385-387 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017110

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Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第7期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1488-1

摘要：

• Adding kaolin/zeolite promotes the formation of stable heavy metals.

关键词： Co-pyrolysis     Sewage sludge     Heavy metals     Rotary kiln     Immobilization mechanism    

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Simulation model based on Monte Carlo method for traffic assignment in local area road network

Yuchuan DU, Yuanjing GENG, Lijun SUN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第2期   页码 195-203 doi: 10.1007/s11709-009-0032-3

摘要： For a local area road network, the available traffic data of traveling are the flow volumes in the key intersections, not the complete OD matrix. Considering the circumstance characteristic and the data availability of a local area road network, a new model for traffic assignment based on Monte Carlo simulation of intersection turning movement is provided in this paper. For good stability in temporal sequence, turning ratio is adopted as the important parameter of this model. The formulation for local area road network assignment problems is proposed on the assumption of random turning behavior. The traffic assignment model based on the Monte Carlo method has been used in traffic analysis for an actual urban road network. The results comparing surveying traffic flow data and determining flow data by the previous model verify the applicability and validity of the proposed methodology.

关键词： traffic assignment     local area road network     turning ratio     Monte Carlo method    

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Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-023-1728-7

摘要：

● A higher sulfur content reduced the curing rate of Cr in glass.

关键词： Dechlorinated fly ash     SO3     Heavy metal     Chemical speciation     Glass solidification    

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ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第10卷 第3期   页码 437-447 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2023507

摘要：

● Content of heavy metals in hydrochar varies considerably, from 50% to 100%.

关键词： heavy metals     dairy manure     hydrochar     hydrothermal carbonization     waste management    

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Strategies to manage the risk of heavy metal(loid) contamination in agricultural soils

Fang-Jie ZHAO

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第7卷 第3期   页码 333-338 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020335

摘要：

Soil contamination with heavy metal(loid)s threatens soil ecological functions, water quality and food safety; the latter is the focus of this review. Cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) are the toxic elements of most concern for food safety because they are relatively easily taken up by food crops. Rice is a major contributor of both Cd and As intakes to the Chinese population. Contamination and soil acidification are the main causes of high Cd levels in rice grains produced in some areas of southern China. The risk of Cd and As accumulation in food crops can be mitigated through agronomic practices and crop breeding. Liming is effective and economical at reducing Cd uptake by rice in acid soils. Paddy water management can produce opposite effects on Cd and As accumulation. Many genes controlling Cd and As uptake and translocation have been characterized, paving the way to breeding low accumulating crop cultivars through marker-assisted molecular breeding or genetic engineering. It is important to protect agricultural soils from future contamination. Long-term monitoring of anthropogenic additions and accumulation of heavy metal(loid)s in agricultural soils should be undertaken. Mass-balance models should be constructed to evaluate future trends of metal(loid)s in agricultural soils at a regional scale.

关键词： arsenic     cadmium     food safety     heavy metals     soil contamination    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Hierarchical modeling of stochastic manufacturing and service systems

Zhe George ZHANG, Xiaoling YIN

期刊论文

Multi-class dynamic network traffic flow propagation model with physical queues

Yanfeng LI, Jun LI

期刊论文

Traffic services for vehicles: the process from receiving raw probe data to space-time diagrams and theresulting traffic service

Markus AUER, Hubert REHBORN, Sven-Eric MOLZAHN, Micha KOLLER

期刊论文

Integrating storm surge modeling with traffic data analysis to evaluate the effectiveness of hurricane

期刊论文

突破数学极限——流体神经网络

Dana Mackenzie

期刊论文

Percolation-based health management of complex traffic systems

期刊论文

Semantic Consistency and Correctness Verification of Digital Traffic Rules

Lei Wan,Changjun Wang,Daxin Luo,Hang Liu,Sha Ma,Weichao Hu,

期刊论文

Fine-grained P2P traffic classification by simply counting flows

Jie HE,Yue-xiang YANG,Yong QIAO,Wen-ping DENG

期刊论文

Evaluating the short-term effect of ambient temperature on non-fatal outdoor falls and road traffic injuries

期刊论文

Special issue: Management of road and railway traffic and transportation engineering

Yongfu SUN, Ziyou GAO

期刊论文

Co-pyrolysis of sludge and kaolin/zeolite in a rotary kiln: Analysis of stabilizing heavy metals

期刊论文

Simulation model based on Monte Carlo method for traffic assignment in local area road network

Yuchuan DU, Yuanjing GENG, Lijun SUN

期刊论文

Effects of sulfur on variations in the chemical speciation of heavy metals from fly ash glass

期刊论文

ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METALS IN HYDROCHAR PRODUCED BY HYDROTHERMAL CARBONIZATION OF DAIRY MANURE

期刊论文

Strategies to manage the risk of heavy metal(loid) contamination in agricultural soils

Fang-Jie ZHAO

期刊论文